Understanding life

Everyone breathes. It’s one of the most natural things we do.

However, if you ask singers to name the most important part of vocal technique, 9 out of 10 will say “breathing.”

So, is there some special way to breathe that makes your voice better?  Yes!

In this article, we explore breathing as it relates to vocal variety as a speaker. I’ll provide you an easy to follow technique, as well as tips to improve your voice through better use of air.

The results of applying these tips will be more Power, better Pacing, more interesting Pitch and more effective Pauses in your speaking.

Contents

• Lose Your Breath, Lose Your Voice
• Overview of Breathing
  • Breathing 101
• Breathing and Vocal Variety
  • Pace
  • Pitch
  • Pause
  • Power
• Practical Advice for Daily Life

Lose Your Breath, Lose Your Voice

In Edgar Allen Poe’s short story, “Loss of Breath”, the narrator loses his breath as he is about to berate his wife. Except for some frog-like utterances, his voice also stops with his breath. Shocked by this, he agonizes, philosophizes, and tries to hide his condition, all to no avail. Eventually, he finds his voice when he finds his breath. (Did I mention that someone stole it? This is Poe, after all!)  Although the story is a bit macabre, it underlines the fact that if you lose your breath, you lose your voice … and it’s never a good idea to berate your wife.

Overview of Breathing

So how does one breathe for better speaking and singing? Well, watch a baby breathe. You’ll see that she seems to breath from her stomach, but she is really using her abdominal muscles. It’s breathing 101 — so easy a baby can do it. Here’s how it’s done:

Breathing 101

Read the following instructions out loud carefully, and then try them. (An audio file of these instructions can be heard by clicking here.)

1. Sit forward in a chair and let your stomach muscles relax.
2. Breathe in through your nose and imagine that you are a vessel filling up with air as you would pour water into a vase. Fill up your abdomen first, then your lower ribs (you should feel them expand) and then all the way up to your chin.
3. Hold this breath for a count of ten.
4. Now exhale slowly. As you exhale, keep your ribs expanded and tighten your abdomen as you would if you were doing a “crunch”—that is, the lower abdominal muscles should come in first as though you were rolling up a tube of toothpaste. (Since you are not a tube of toothpaste, keep your chest up as you exhale.)
5. Repeat. Once you have mastered the exercise sitting down, practice incorporating it into your speaking and singing. You may need to do it slowly at first until you can coordinate all the actions smoothly.

The key thing to remember is that breathing should be low and expansive. If you do the exercise correctly, your stomach will go in while your chest stays out and expands. Practicing this technique will provide many benefits, including:

• Awareness of your breathing will enable you to breathe more effectively.
• Proper posture for breathing creates a confident, strong appearance. Deeper breathing makes you feel more confident and strong as well.  Andrew Weil, MD writes, “You cannot always center yourself emotionally by an act of will, but you can use your voluntary nerves to make your breathing slow, deep, quiet, and regular, and the rest will follow.”
• Deep breathing decreases tension and helps to focus intellectual activity.  Charles Kirk describes how proper breathing technique helps him to remain calm on the trading floor.

Breathing and Vocal Variety

An earlier Six Minutes article advised you to “use your voice to complement your message.” This is what I refer to as vocal image: how you are perceived by the sound of your voice.

Ideally, you want your content to align with your delivery method and both to align with the sound of your voice.  Vocal variety is all about the sound of the voice and, in this case, that vocal image is created through several aspects of your sound, including pace, pitch, pause, and power.

Pace

Pace is the speed of your delivery. In general, for vocal variety you are encouraged to vary your pace by speeding up and slowing down appropriately for the message you are delivering. However, some people have trouble with pacing due to poor breathing. If you speak too quickly, or if your speaking is labored or too slow, consider the following:

• Speaking too fast is often the result of not stopping to breathe often enough.
  Solution: To slow down your speaking with the breath, consciously take a breath before you begin. Remember to stop and breathe between ideas. The next time you practice a presentation, take time to inhale and exhale deeply five times before you start to speak. Then take one more deep breath and exhale vigorously into your first words.

• Speaking too slowly can also be caused by not taking in and using enough air.
  Solution: Not using enough air can cause a person to sound dull and lifeless. This may also be caused by poor posture. Practice the breathing technique above, paying special attention to posture. Be sure you move that air with the abdominal muscles as you speak. Overdo the latter when you practice so you really feel the breath in the sound. By breathing deeper and then using all the air in your sound, you create a more energetic sound and you feel more energized, too.

Pitch

Pitch is determined by the notes we use when we speak. Yes, we use notes when speaking just as we do for singing. Speaking notes, however, are random, informally ordered, and usually of shorter duration than notes we sing. To create vocal variety, one uses different pitches to make their sound more interesting.  Sometimes problems with creating variety in pitch can be the result of poor breathing technique. Here are two such problems, their likely causes, and some ways to fix them:

• A voice that is too high-pitched and thin can be the result of shallow breathing (without abdominal expansion and support).
  Solution: The solution to shallow breathing is to relax the abdomen and drop the air in lower. This also relaxes the larynx so it doesn’t ride so high. A high larynx can create a higher, thinner sound.

• If your voice sounds squeezed or strained, or too low, you may not be using all the air you take in.
  Lisa Braithwaite comments rightly that speaking too low can do vocal damage.
  Another lesson from Poe’s prose is that you can produce a sound without breath. He writes:

I discovered that had I, at that interesting crisis, dropped my voice to a singularly deep guttural, I might still have continued … this pitch of voice (the guttural) depending, I find, not upon the current of the breath, but upon a certain spasmodic action of the muscles of the throat.

 

If you don’t want to be limited to a guttural growl, air should flow freely in your voice. You can improve a strained sound by practicing a breathy sound and then gradually adding more and more vocal sound to it. I call this “energizing the voice.” It also has the effect of making pitch variety much easier to achieve because the voice becomes free to move and create more pitches. If you do this correctly, you will definitely feel the freedom in your voice!

Pause

When speaking, pauses are the golden silences that allow your listeners to take in what you are saying. They are the “beats” an actor uses between phrases; they are that special something that leads to “comedic timing.” Importantly, pauses also give us time to breathe.

Here’s how to apply breathing to your pauses:

• Breathe before speaking your first words.
  Taking that first breath allows you to align everything physically, mentally, and emotionally. It also allows your larynx to be stimulated but relaxed. And finally, it gets the oxygen flowing so that you can think more clearly and look your best.

• Be aware of your breathing.
  It is amazing to see how many people simply forget to breathe when they are in front of an audience. As you may have experienced, nerves can play a big part in forgetting to breathe and feeling out of breath. So the short term solution to this, as blogger Denise Graveline mentions, is to pause and breathe!  The long-term solution, however, is to practice being aware of your breathing all day long. Awareness of breathing makes for natural pauses. The more you practice, the more likely it is you’ll remember to breathe when you’re speaking in public.

Power

A common misconception about Power is that it is the same thing as volume.  The truth is that vocal power is so much more than how loud you are. Vocal power is all about the impact your sound has on others. Your personal vocal power may be found in the tone of your sound or in how you phrase a thought.  Many people are surprised to learn that power can be heightened or lessened by how they breathe and how they use their breath.

• Sound moves on air, so you need to have air to get a powerful sound.  You can speak loudly, but if you aren’t incorporating that air into your sound, you will be shouting. Your impact on others may be quite different than you intended! In addition, keeping the air moving with the sound allows for wonderful control of your voice so that you can use all of your vocal variety techniques more effectively.

• A powerful speaker is one who is relaxed and comfortable. A powerful voice is relaxed and comfortable. Breathing deeply relaxes the larynx so the voice can settle into a comfortable, natural sound rather than one that is contrived or forced.

Practical Advice for Daily Life

Try to practice good breathing technique several times a day and soon you will naturally incorporate it into your everyday speaking. Here are a few tips for practicing breathing:

• Practice breathing while driving. Your hands are raised as you drive which makes it easier to keep your chest high. And practicing breathing can also ease road rage significantly!

• Practice breathing while sitting at your desk when you would normally be slumped over in your chair. Sit on the edge of your chair and take 10 practice breaths three times a day.

• Practice breathing when you are about to go to sleep or lying down on the floor at the end of a workout session. When you are lying down, it is easier to isolate the abdominal muscles and strengthen them for proper breathing. (You can even put a book on your abdomen to exaggerate the way you use those muscles for even better awareness of how to do this correctly. Watch the book go up and down as you breathe “with your stomach.”)

The final and real test, of course, will come in how well you incorporate good breathing into your presentations. On the day of your big presentation, remember to consciously practice using the air you take in. Take time to inhale and exhale deeply five times before you start to speak, then take one more deep breath and breathe into your first words. Don’t forget to slow down and breathe from time to time during the course of a talk in front of an audience.

As they say, practice makes perfect. So practice and it won’t be long before you are able to make your learned breathing as natural as the breathing you are using now, and the benefits will be enormous.

Thank you for your attention!

A reader asked me this question:

Some of us who are 45+ are finding that younger people text and use computers during presentations to the point of rudeness. This happens even when others in the presentation give great evaluations.  We think we’ll be seen as “old farts” if we ask them to disengage.  How do we bridge this generation gap?

Strip the generation language from this question and this is a question about attention.

What’s the assumption?

The assumption is that people paying attention will be looking at you, the speaker. If they’re not looking at you, or they appear to be doing something else, then they’re not paying attention. But this assumption is not supported by evidence.

How do people pay attention?

Sitting passively listening to someone talking is unnatural. It requires concentration. Many people use secondary tasks to help them stay engaged and focused. At university the only way I could stop my brain going off on a journey of its own during boring lectures, was to discipline myself to take notes.

In a recent experiment, doodlers were able to recall 29% more details from a phone conversation than non-doodlers:

[The] theory is that by using up slightly more mental resources, doodling helps prevent the mind from wandering off the boring primary task into daydream land. This study is part of an emerging recognition in psychology that secondary tasks aren’t always a distraction from primary tasks, but can sometimes actually be beneficial.

The secondary tasks we use to stay focused are becoming more high-tech. People can now take notes on their phones and laptops, or they may have a game on their cellphone which is equivalent to doodling.

So the first point is that people who appear to be fully-engaged with their cellphones and laptops may still be paying attention to you.

But are people who are texting paying attention?

Er no, they’re probably not. But when you’re the speaker you don’t know whether the person is texting, surfing, playing solitaire or taking high-quality notes of your presentation. Therefore don’t make an assumption that they’re not paying attention.

Is it rude?

Rude is in the mind of the beholder. Rude to you, not rude to them. To label a behavior as rude is to make a negative judgement about it, and that judgement will seep through in the way that you come across.

Your audience are adults. If their behavior is not distracting or annoying other people in the audience it’s up to them whether they pay attention or not, and how they pay attention.

So what can you do?

There’s no need to do anything. But, if you think you’ll do a better job if people are looking at you, here are two approaches you could take:

1. Open your presentation and start to establish rapport with your audience, and then say:

“I notice many of you are using your phones and laptops. I’m absolutely fine with that. But I also know that I can do a better job if you are engaging with me and looking at me. So when you’re not using your phones and laptops I’d love it if you can look at me.”

2. Scott Berkun in his book Confessions of a Public Speaker describes an approach he’s taken. He says to his audience:

“Here’s a deal. I’d like you to give me your undivided attention for five minutes. If after five minutes you’re bored, you think I’m an idiot, or you’d rather browse the web than listen, you’re free to do so. In fact, I won’t mind if you get up and leave after five minutes. But for the first 300 seconds, please give me your undivided attention.” Most people close their laptops.

Thank you for your attention!

An elderly carpenter was ready to retire. He told his employer of his plans to leave the house building business and live a more leisurely life with his wife enjoying his extended family. He would miss the paycheck, but he needed to retire. They could get by.

The employer was sorry to see his good worker go and asked if he could build just one more house as a personal favor. The carpenter said yes, but in time it was easy to see that his heart was not in his work. He resorted to shoddy workmanshi­p and used inferior materials. It was an unfortunat­e way to end his career.

When the carpenter finished his work and the employer came to inspect the house and handed the front-door key to the carpenter. "This is your house," he said, "my gift to you."

What a shock! What a shame! If he had only known he was building his own house, he would have done it all so differentl­y. Now he had to live in the home he had built none too well.

So it is with us. We build our lives in a distracted­ way, reacting rather than acting, willing to put up less than the best. At important points we do not give the job our best effort. Then with a shock we look at the situation we have created and find that we are now living in the house we have built. If we had realized, we would have done it differentl­y.

Think of yourself as the carpenter. Think about your house. Each day you hammer a nail, place a board, or erect a wall. Build wisely. It is the only life you will ever build. Even if you live it for only one day more, that day deserves to be lived graciously­ and with dignity. The plaque on the wall says, "Life is a do-it-yourself project." Who could say it more clearly? Your life tomorrow will be the result of your attitudes and the choices you make today.

Thank you for your attention!

10. It is often used out of habit or insecurity - but there are plenty of situations where it only gets in the way
   
9. It's possible to send one by mail, but it is empty and lifeless, so why bother?
  
8. Technical troubles will occur at the most embarassing moments
  
7. Too much decoration can distract from content
  
6. It's certainly pretty, but do you really want someone else's design to cover up your uniqueness?
  
5. People usually try to fit too much inside

 
4. People think they need the support, but forget it's a restriction too
 
3. Given confidence, you will often make a bigger impact without one

2. You can borrow or steal someone else's, but it will never fit like your own
  
and finally..

1. It may look basically similar, but you should NEVER confuse it with the Real Thing.

Thank you for your attention!

With time streaming hastily, the past, like a song, or like mist, all has gone with the wind. The innocent childhood when I learnt to speak, the tender teenage when I grew delicately, and the beautiful youth when I appreciated my adolescent ups and downs have all been deeply rooted in my memory. I am waving to say goodbye to my confusing yesterday, embracing my beautiful today and opening my arms to the glorious tomorrow!


　Life never goes smoothly all the way, in which there are inevitably success and failure, confidence and upset, happiness and pain. The most significant thing is whether you have prepared well psychologically for all the possibilities. Will you leave to tomorrow a dark cloudy day or a splendid sunny one?


　I will leave to myself confidence. Life is full of twists and turns, which requires us to be instilled with confidence. Due to great self-confidence, Liu Xiang successfully broke the world record and upheld the trophy; Due to great self-confidence, Jia Zhan did not abandon himself when he fell behind a lot, winning the ultimate championship and the pride from all over China.


　I will also leave to myself ordinariness. Ordinariness is a deserted plain but will breed prosperity, as long as you can exploit it boldly; Ordinariness is also a small trickle but breeds profoundity, as long as you can accumulate. Yuan Longping, an ordinary Chinese little known by the public, stuck to his dream and created extraordinary career in an ordinary position.


　I will leave to myself optimism. Optimism is the composure after failure, the generosity in ordinariness, the unyieldingness after setbacks. Coach Mr Lei harvested victory due to his optimism. After the previous failure of his team, he became a renowned coach by encouraging himself that we should start out endeavoring at a new point rather than keep invincible all the time. Optimism can help us maintain gleeful and sunny. Optimism can also promote our performance in study as well as work!

　I will leave to myself sincerity. Sincerity is the bond between each other’s emotions and the bridge between mutual relationship. Listening to your friend patiently and paying him with a sincere smile, you will reap lasting friendship. Treat everyone with great sincerity, try to interpret its profound connotation and fulfill it with your action, then you will grow up a glorious flower named “understanding”between you and your friends!


　My dear friends, the fascinating tomorrow is waving to us! We should make great and solid strides to start our voyage towards the future with confidence, ordinariness, optimism and sincerity. Dream is a flower, life is the soil and sincerity is the spring water!


The sparkling light of meteoroids comes from the frictions, and the glory of pearls from tears of the shell. The beauty of tomorrow stems from today’s hard work! I wish everyone could leave to tomorrow a magnificent career and unfailing moving-forward! I wish everyone could contribute to our nation greater power and demonstrate our precious value as well as composing our distinguished splendid songs for our life!

Thank you for your attention!